Culture and self: Philosophical and religious perspectives, East and West. In contrast, Cohen 2000 revisits numerous ethnographic examples claiming that the notion of self is universal, and not distinctly Western.Īllen, Douglas, and Ashok Kumar Malhotra. Marcus and Fischer 1999 further elucidates the cultural differences in conceptions of persons as they relate to emotions, alluding to various anthropological texts. Shweder and Bourne 1982 outlines the major debate regarding personhood in anthropology, namely is it a universal constant or do diverse cultures conceptualize it differently? Pursuing the latter, Allen and Malhotra 1997, an edited volume, presents essays from various disciplines that illustrate the influence cultures have on personhood, and it can serve as a good starting point for students. Appell-Warren 2014 offers an exploration of the concept of personhood itself, as used in anthropology over the decades. Fogelson 1982 provides a thorough general overview of anthropological investigations into the person, conducted before 1982. 1985 addresses this complexity, offering multidisciplinary perspectives on personhood across time and space. Various disciplines deal with the concept of personhood, which has been applied in numerous ways and explored in many contexts since the 1980s. Relationships between personhood and both the mind and the body, as well as the connections between personhood and humanness, are also explored. The article reviews discussions on how personhood relates to various societies in various times, how it changes, and how it is influenced by power relations. This article focuses on sociocultural anthropological perspectives however, it incorporates work from other subfields that might be interesting for cultural anthropologists. Such anthropological work corresponds with research in other disciplines, often extending across disciplinary boundaries, influencing and being influenced by disciplines such as psychology, medicine, and philosophy. Anthropologists have made considerable contributions to the understandings of personhood perhaps predominantly through cross-cultural ethnographies exhibiting that personhood is not a universal constant but rather continuously negotiated in specific times and places and in reaction to varying situations and social relationships. For reasons of clarity, we can define personhood as the state of being a social, embodied, and sentient being, although this definition is not devoid of problems. This is not merely a theoretical quandary, for personhood entails legal and moral repercussions, including rights and responsibilities. Certain scholars have attempted to elucidate these terms nevertheless, they are frequently used interchangeably. It is often hard to discern who is considered to be a person, what being a person entails, or how this differs from having selfhood, or being an individual. Mendez informally shared the business idea to a marketing advisor who suggested a sociocultural research.Personhood is a fluid analytical term with diverse and debated meanings. Mendez was encouraged by the success of a Mexican friend who followed a similar project in New Jersey. He plans to open five outlets in a medium-sized German town during a period of three months. Jose Mendez is a Mexican entrepreneur living in Germany who plans to create Tacos & Tortillas, a new Mexican fast food brand. Assessing sociocultural factors answers questions such as: Are people used to eat vegetables on a daily basis? What is the attitude toward outdoor sports? Do housewives consider luxurious to have a microwave at home? By asking these questions and researching about social behaviors and cultural traditions companies can increase their chances to success in the market they are trying to serve. What is considered normal and regular in a society can be unusual or even extravagant and immoral in others. When a company wants to start exporting, it is useful to comprehend how willing potential consumers are to accept and ultimately purchase its products. This is particularly important when entering a new geographical market. Any firm that aims to provide goods or services requires proper knowledge or at least basic information about its target group. Understanding of sociocultural factors is key for business. The term is mostly used in sociologic and marketing contexts and refers to the most remarkable drivers behind the way people makes decisions in a society. Definition: Sociocultural is a term related to social and cultural factors, which means common traditions, habits, patterns and beliefs present in a population group.
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